Isaac Newton 4 Ocak 1642’de \u0130ngiltere’nin Lincolnshire kentinde do\u011fdu. \u00c7ift\u00e7i olan babas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fumundan \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce kaybetmi\u015fti. Annesi ikinci kez evlendi. \u0130kinci evlilikten \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcvey karde\u015fi olan Isaac anneannesinde kal\u0131yordu. On iki ya\u015f\u0131nda Grantham’da King’s School’a yaz\u0131lan Newton, bu okulu 1661’de bitirdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki Trinity Kolej’ine girdi. Nisan 1665’te bu okuldan lisans derecesini ald\u0131. Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 saran veba salg\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00fcniversite kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Salg\u0131ndan korunma amac\u0131yla annesinin \u00e7iftli\u011fine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Newton, burada ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki y\u0131l boyunca en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. 1667’de Trinity Kolej’ine \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde diferansiyel ve integral hesab\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015f, beyaz \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturan renklere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ekingenli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Newton her biri bilimde devrim yaratacak nitelikteki bu bulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu uzun y\u0131llar sonra (\u00f6rne\u011fin diferansiyel ve integral hesab\u0131 38 y\u0131l sonra) yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ertesi y\u0131l tamamlayan Newton 1669’da hen\u00fcz 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’nde matematik profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirildi. 1671’de ilk aynal\u0131 teleskopu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi, ve ertesi y\u0131l Royal Society \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. Royal Society’e sundu\u011fu renk olgusuna ili\u015fkin bildirisinin ele\u015ftirilere hedef olmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Robert Hooke taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerine Newton t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ine kapanarak, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ili\u015fkisini kesti.
<\/p>\n
1675’de optik konusundaki iki bildirisi yeni tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Hooke makalelerdeki baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kendi bulu\u015fu oldu\u011funu, Newton’un bunlara sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tart\u0131\u015fma ve ele\u015ftiriler sonucunda 1678’de ruhsal bunal\u0131ma giren Newton ancak yak\u0131n dostu \u00fcnl\u00fc astronom ve matematik\u00e7i Edmond Halley’in \u00e7abalar\u0131yla alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’nde Katolikli\u011fi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma ve egemen k\u0131lma \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan direni\u015f hareketine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden Newton, kral d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra 1689’da \u00fcniversitenin parlamentodaki temsilcili\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. 1693’de yeniden bir ruhsal bunal\u0131ma girdi ve yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131yla, bu arada Samuel Pepys ve John Locke ile aras\u0131 bozuldu. \u0130ki y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir dinlenme d\u00f6neminden sonra sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yeniden kavu\u015ftuysa da bundan sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131nda bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya eskisi gibi ilgi duymad\u0131. Daha sonra 1699’da Frans\u0131z Bilimler Akademisi’nin yabanc\u0131 \u00fcyeli\u011fine 1703’de Royal Society’nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
Newton ‘E\u011fer di\u011fer insanlardan ileriyi g\u00f6rebiliyorsam,bu devlerin omuzlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fum i\u00e7indir.’ diyerek kendine yard\u0131m edenleri unutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kendisi i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenenler<\/p>\n
John Maynard Keynes’in (1883-1946) Newton i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yorumu okuyal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
“Newton 18. yy’dan beri \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ilki ve en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir ak\u0131lc\u0131; bize serinkanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi, kat\u0131ks\u0131z mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011freten biri olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilmi\u015ftir. Ben O’na bu g\u00f6z ile bakm\u0131yorum. 1696’da nihayet Cambridge’i terk ederken derledi\u011fi ve k\u0131smen da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bize ula\u015fan sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini inceleyen her hangi birinin de onu b\u00f6yle g\u00f6rebilece\u011fini sanm\u0131yorum. Newton ak\u0131l \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildi. O b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fclerin sonuncusu, Babillilerin ve S\u00fcmerlilerin sonuncusu; g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve zihinsel evreni, yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce entelekt\u00fcel miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flayanlarla ayn\u0131 g\u00f6zle g\u00f6ren son b\u00fcy\u00fck beyin idi. 1642’de bir Noel g\u00fcn\u00fc babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra do\u011fan Sir Isaac Newton m\u00fcneccimlerin gereken ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7tenlikle g\u00f6sterebilcekleri son harika \u00e7ocuktu.” (kaynak: Bat\u0131 felsefesi tarihi, Tuncar Tu\u011fcu, Alesta yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ekim 2000)<\/p>\n
San\u0131r\u0131z ki Keynes’e ait bu yorum Isaac Newton’un insanl\u0131k tarihinin neden en e\u015fsiz bilim adam\u0131 oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r; O g\u00f6r\u00fcnenin arkas\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyeni aramak ile yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan, buna varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 adam\u0131\u015f, bunun i\u00e7in insanl\u0131k tarihine y\u00f6n vermi\u015f ve vermekte olan de\u011ferler ortaya koymu\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131 idi.”(Notu ekleyenin notu)<\/p>\n
“Do\u011fa ve Do\u011fan\u0131n yasas\u0131, karanl\u0131kta sakl\u0131yd\u0131. Tanr\u0131: Newton olsun! dedi ve her \u015fey ayd\u0131nland\u0131.” Alexander Pope (kaynak: Felsefenin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, Bryan Magee, Dost Kitabevi, Kas\u0131m 2004)<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fl\u0131ca eserleri<\/p>\n
Method
De Motu Corporum in Gyrum (1684)
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
Opticks (1704)
Arithmetica Universalis (1707)
The System of the World, Optical Lectures, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, (Amended) and De mundi systemate (published posthumously in 1728)
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture(1754)
-Bu metin GNU \u00d6zg\u00fcr Belgeleme Lisans\u0131 ile lisansland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “Isaac Newton” adl\u0131 Vikipedi maddesinden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r.-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Isaac Newton 4 Ocak 1642’de \u0130ngiltere’nin Lincolnshire kentinde do\u011fdu. \u00c7ift\u00e7i olan babas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fumundan \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce kaybetmi\u015fti. Annesi ikinci kez evlendi. \u0130kinci evlilikten \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcvey karde\u015fi olan Isaac anneannesinde kal\u0131yordu. On iki ya\u015f\u0131nda Grantham’da King’s School’a yaz\u0131lan Newton, bu okulu 1661’de bitirdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki Trinity Kolej’ine girdi. Nisan 1665’te bu okuldan lisans derecesini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_en_post_content":"","_en_post_name":"","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"","_tr_post_content":"
Isaac Newton 4 Ocak 1642'de \u0130ngiltere'nin Lincolnshire kentinde do\u011fdu. \u00c7ift\u00e7i olan babas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fumundan \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce kaybetmi\u015fti. Annesi ikinci kez evlendi. \u0130kinci evlilikten \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcvey karde\u015fi olan Isaac anneannesinde kal\u0131yordu. On iki ya\u015f\u0131nda Grantham'da King's School'a yaz\u0131lan Newton, bu okulu 1661'de bitirdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi'ndeki Trinity Kolej'ine girdi. Nisan 1665'te bu okuldan lisans derecesini ald\u0131. Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 saran veba salg\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00fcniversite kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>
Salg\u0131ndan korunma amac\u0131yla annesinin \u00e7iftli\u011fine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Newton, burada ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki y\u0131l boyunca en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. 1667'de Trinity Kolej'ine \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde diferansiyel ve integral hesab\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015f, beyaz \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturan renklere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ekingenli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Newton her biri bilimde devrim yaratacak nitelikteki bu bulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu uzun y\u0131llar sonra (\u00f6rne\u011fin diferansiyel ve integral hesab\u0131 38 y\u0131l sonra) yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ertesi y\u0131l tamamlayan Newton 1669'da hen\u00fcz 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi'nde matematik profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirildi. 1671'de ilk aynal\u0131 teleskopu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi, ve ertesi y\u0131l Royal Society \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. Royal Society'e sundu\u011fu renk olgusuna ili\u015fkin bildirisinin ele\u015ftirilere hedef olmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Robert Hooke taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerine Newton t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ine kapanarak, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ili\u015fkisini kesti.
<\/p>
1675'de optik konusundaki iki bildirisi yeni tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Hooke makalelerdeki baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kendi bulu\u015fu oldu\u011funu, Newton'un bunlara sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tart\u0131\u015fma ve ele\u015ftiriler sonucunda 1678'de ruhsal bunal\u0131ma giren Newton ancak yak\u0131n dostu \u00fcnl\u00fc astronom ve matematik\u00e7i Edmond Halley'in \u00e7abalar\u0131yla alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>
Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi'nde Katolikli\u011fi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rma ve egemen k\u0131lma \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan direni\u015f hareketine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden Newton, kral d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra 1689'da \u00fcniversitenin parlamentodaki temsilcili\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. 1693'de yeniden bir ruhsal bunal\u0131ma girdi ve yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131yla, bu arada Samuel Pepys ve John Locke ile aras\u0131 bozuldu. \u0130ki y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir dinlenme d\u00f6neminden sonra sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yeniden kavu\u015ftuysa da bundan sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131nda bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya eskisi gibi ilgi duymad\u0131. Daha sonra 1699'da Frans\u0131z Bilimler Akademisi'nin yabanc\u0131 \u00fcyeli\u011fine 1703'de Royal Society'nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>
Newton 'E\u011fer di\u011fer insanlardan ileriyi g\u00f6rebiliyorsam,bu devlerin omuzlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fum i\u00e7indir.' diyerek kendine yard\u0131m edenleri unutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>
Kendisi i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenenler<\/p>
John Maynard Keynes'in (1883-1946) Newton i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yorumu okuyal\u0131m.<\/p>
\"Newton 18. yy'dan beri \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ilki ve en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir ak\u0131lc\u0131; bize serinkanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi, kat\u0131ks\u0131z mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011freten biri olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilmi\u015ftir. Ben O'na bu g\u00f6z ile bakm\u0131yorum. 1696'da nihayet Cambridge'i terk ederken derledi\u011fi ve k\u0131smen da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bize ula\u015fan sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini inceleyen her hangi birinin de onu b\u00f6yle g\u00f6rebilece\u011fini sanm\u0131yorum. Newton ak\u0131l \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildi. O b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fclerin sonuncusu, Babillilerin ve S\u00fcmerlilerin sonuncusu; g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve zihinsel evreni, yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce entelekt\u00fcel miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flayanlarla ayn\u0131 g\u00f6zle g\u00f6ren son b\u00fcy\u00fck beyin idi. 1642'de bir Noel g\u00fcn\u00fc babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra do\u011fan Sir Isaac Newton m\u00fcneccimlerin gereken ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7tenlikle g\u00f6sterebilcekleri son harika \u00e7ocuktu.\" (kaynak: Bat\u0131 felsefesi tarihi, Tuncar Tu\u011fcu, Alesta yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ekim 2000)<\/p>
San\u0131r\u0131z ki Keynes'e ait bu yorum Isaac Newton'un insanl\u0131k tarihinin neden en e\u015fsiz bilim adam\u0131 oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r; O g\u00f6r\u00fcnenin arkas\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyeni aramak ile yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan, buna varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 adam\u0131\u015f, bunun i\u00e7in insanl\u0131k tarihine y\u00f6n vermi\u015f ve vermekte olan de\u011ferler ortaya koymu\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131 idi.\"(Notu ekleyenin notu)<\/p>
\"Do\u011fa ve Do\u011fan\u0131n yasas\u0131, karanl\u0131kta sakl\u0131yd\u0131. Tanr\u0131: Newton olsun! dedi ve her \u015fey ayd\u0131nland\u0131.\" Alexander Pope (kaynak: Felsefenin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, Bryan Magee, Dost Kitabevi, Kas\u0131m 2004)<\/p>
Ba\u015fl\u0131ca eserleri<\/p>
Method
De Motu Corporum in Gyrum (1684)
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
Opticks (1704)
Arithmetica Universalis (1707)
The System of the World, Optical Lectures, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, (Amended) and De mundi systemate (published posthumously in 1728)
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture(1754)
-Bu metin GNU \u00d6zg\u00fcr Belgeleme Lisans\u0131 ile lisansland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \"Isaac Newton\" adl\u0131 Vikipedi maddesinden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r.-<\/p>","_tr_post_name":"isaac-newton","_tr_post_excerpt":"","_tr_post_title":"Isaac Newton","edit_language":"tr"},"categories":[4],"tags":[657],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/299"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=299"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/299\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}