{"id":79,"date":"2008-08-12T18:23:04","date_gmt":"2008-08-12T15:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/?p=79"},"modified":"2008-08-12T18:23:04","modified_gmt":"2008-08-12T15:23:04","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/bilgisayarcilarin-sikca-kullandigi-kisaltmalar.html","title":{"rendered":"","raw":""},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_en_post_content":"","_en_post_name":"","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"","_tr_post_content":"ACPI - \"Advanced Configuration and Power Interface\" - PC' lerde yeni nesil DOS tabanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 idaresi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131m. ACPI, eski Intel APM (Advanced Power Management) yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. ACPI, sadece bilgisayar aktif de\u011filken zaman ayarlamalar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktan \u00f6te, g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dinamik olarak g\u00f6sterir ve g\u00fcc\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131r. ACPI kontrol\u00fc PC' nizin BIOS' undad\u0131r.\n\nActive matrix display - Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fu laptop - diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131n ekran\u0131 b\u00f6yledir.Actif matriks teknolojisinin \"pasif matriks\" den fark\u0131 ekran\u0131n kendisini daha s\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tazelemesidir. B\u00f6ylece resim kalitesi ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 artar.<!--more-->\n\nAdapter Card - PC ana kart\u0131 \u00fczerine tak\u0131lan elektronik kartlar\u0131n genel ismi. Bu sayede bilgisayar \u00e7evre birimleri ile bilgi al\u0131\u015f veri\u015finde bulunur. Network interface card (NIC) bunun bir \u00e7e\u015fididir.\n\nADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 sinyal transferi deyimidir. Asimetrik olu\u015fu, sinyal al\u0131rken h\u0131zl\u0131, verirken yava\u015f olu\u015fundand\u0131r. Bu h\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n merkeze olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fi gibi, 6 Mbps kadar y\u00fcksek veya 128 Kbps kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir.\n\nAGP - \"Accelerated Graphics Port\" - Intel taraf\u0131ndan imal edilmi\u015f, nisbeten yeni grafik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. 3 boyutlu grafikleri daha iyi g\u00f6sterir. AGP 528 MB\/saniye h\u0131z\u0131 ile data transfer edebilir. Mukayese edersek, PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131, 132 MB\/saniye h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famazlar. AGP' nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bant geni\u015fli\u011fi, oyunlar\u0131n ve 3 boyutlu grafik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bunun yan\u0131nda datalar\u0131 kendi haf\u0131zas\u0131nda de\u011fil, sistem haf\u0131zas\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in performans d\u00fc\u015fer.\n\nAlpha Channel - Bilgisayar grafiklerinde, her pikselin \u015feffafl\u0131k i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131na verilen add\u0131r. 32-bit grafik sistemleri 4 kanall\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, Ye\u015fil ve Mavi (RGB) i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131rken 1 tanesi 8-bit alfa kanal\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alfa kanal\u0131 ger\u00e7ekte bir maskedir. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 rengin \u00fcst \u00fcste gelmesi halinde \u00f6ndekinin almas\u0131 gereken renge g\u00f6re bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc renk belirler.\n\nAMR - \"Audio Modem Riser\" - Anakartlar\u0131n analog giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in Intel taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015f bir uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. AMR kart\u0131, ana kartlardaki analog giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece anakart imalat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, FCC veya beynelmilel telekom sertifikalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymazlar. Bu da ucuzlamay\u0131 getirir.\n\nAMPS - \"Advanced Mobile Phone Service\" - Analog h\u00fccresel telefon standartlar\u0131, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda AT&amp;T taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.. AMPS telefonlar\u0131 800 ila 900 Megahertz (MHz) kanal\u0131nda yay\u0131n yapar. \"cell\" denilmesinin sebebi radyo yay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n cell ad\u0131 verilen bu uzay b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131n yapmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.\n\nAPI - \"Application Program Interface\" - \u0130\u015fletim sistemi, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc arabirimleri ve yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar aras\u0131ndaki muhaberat\u0131 sa\u011flayan yaz\u0131l\u0131m serilerine verilen isim. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m bloklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bina yapmaya benzetilmi\u015ftir. Bazen \"Application Programming Interface.\" olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nASP - \"Application Service Provider\" - K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin programlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131ma sunan ve hardiskinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kiraya veren web sitesi. Onlar olmasa lokal network olmazd\u0131.\n\nASP - \"Active Server Pages\" - WEB' de servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, uygulama imkan\u0131d\u0131r. Dinamik olarak HTML sayfalar\u0131 \u00fcretir. ASP sayfas\u0131, TML sayfas\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat ba\u011flanan i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve HTML olu\u015fturur. 'server-side scripting' sunucu taraf\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yaz\u0131l\u0131m ad\u0131 da verilen Javascript veya VBScript kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nATA - \"Advanced Technology Attachment\" -Harddiski kullanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 harddiskin kendisine veren, genel disk s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc aray\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr. ATA versiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7\u0131, 33 MBps ATA-33 ,66 MBps ATA-66 say\u0131labilir.\n\nAthlon - AMD firmas\u0131n\u0131n Intel' in Pentium III' \u00fc ile rekabet etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezi i\u015flemcilerine verilen ad. K7 olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r. PC World' \u00fcn Eyl\u00fcl 99 bask\u0131s\u0131nda 600MHz Athlon, 600MHz PIII' den % 9 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 denmi\u015ftir. Grafik testlerinde, Athlon \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu modellemede % 21daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Mukayese i\u00e7in AMD Athlon sayfas\u0131na bakabilirsiniz..\n\nAWG - \"American Wire Gauge\", Kablodaki tel kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bir standartt\u0131r. Say\u0131 azald\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7ap artar.\n\nBackplane -Ba\u015fka bir bask\u0131l\u0131 devrenin kendisine tak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fczerinde soket bulunan bask\u0131l\u0131 devrelere bu ad verilir. \u00c7o\u011fu bilgisayar\u0131n ana kart\u0131 b\u00f6yledir. \u00dczerinde PCI, ISA, AGP veya RAM soketleri bulunur. Bu y\u00fczden \"motherboard\" anakart diye an\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dczerine ekran kart\u0131, network kart\u0131, RAM, modem gibi ba\u015fka kartlar tak\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nBandwidth - Band geni\u015fli\u011fi, belli bir zaman biriminde internette g\u00f6nderilen data miktar\u0131na denir. Genellikle birimi \"bits per second\" (bps), \"kilobits per second\" (Kbps) or \"megabits per second\" (Mbps) olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nBIOS - \"Basic Input\/Output System\" - BIOS, PC' lerdeki ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. PC, ilk bilgileri buradan al\u0131r. Kontrol s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri, klavye, ekran, mouse, seri portlar, vs. BIOS, donan\u0131m ile i\u015fletim sistemi aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. BIOS, ROM \u00e7ipinde sakl\u0131 kal\u0131r. (RAM' de de\u011fil), b\u00f6ylece bilgisayar BOOT eder, yani a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nBluetooth - K\u0131sa mesafeli kablosuz ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k standartt\u0131r. mobil telefonlar, bilgisayar ve PDA \u00fcreticileri taraf\u0131ndan ortakla\u015fa \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Bu sayede bu standard\u0131 destekleyen t\u00fcm aletler birbiri ile ileti\u015fim kurar. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in Bluetooth web sitesine bak\u0131n\u0131z.\n\nBNC - Anten kablosuna benzeyen koaksiyel kablolar ile bilgisayarlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flarken kullan\u0131lan konekt\u00f6r. Takt\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek kilitlenir.\n\nBridge - \u0130ki veya daha fazla bilgisayar\u0131 router gibi birbirine ba\u011flayarak data aktaran ileti\u015fim arac\u0131d\u0131r. Data paketlerini okur ve filtre eder.IP adresi istemez ve yay\u0131n trafi\u011fini atlar.\n\nBroadband - Bir tek ses kanal\u0131ndan, yani mod\u00fcle edilmi\u015f frekans\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 dalgadan daha geni\u015f bir banda sahip taransmisyon kanal\u0131 veya medyas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 anda ses, data, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc gibi farkl\u0131 servisleri \u015febeke ortam\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r.\n\nBrowser-safe colors - Mac ve PC' lerin her ikisinde birden kullan\u0131lan 256 renklik renk paletinin 216 s\u0131ndan meydana gelen bir renk paletidir. Her iki platformda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini istedi\u011finiz web sayfalar\u0131nda bu sistemi kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.\n\nBus -Bilgisayar mimarisinde bir elemandan di\u011ferine bilgi ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Genellikle birden fazla komponent tak\u0131l\u0131r. Haf\u0131zan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda, buna tak\u0131lan kartlar\u0131n adresleri tutulur.\n\nCache - Bir \u00e7e\u015fit kay\u0131t h\u0131zland\u0131rma \u015feklidir. Bunun i\u00e7in ana haf\u0131za kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa \"memory caching\" , sabit disk kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa \"disk caching\" ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Haf\u0131zada yap\u0131lan\u0131, di\u011fer programlar taraf\u0131ndan da tekrar tekrar kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Bazen bu ama\u00e7la ayr\u0131 bir haf\u0131za birimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Buna \"Cache Memory\" denir. Bu daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. \"Level 2 (L2) cache\", i\u015flemci ile DRAM aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgisayarlar\u0131n demirba\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.\n\nCDPD - \"Cellular Digital Packet Data\" - Radio frequency (RF), radyo dalgalar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kablosuz bir ileti\u015fim servisidir. Data paketlerini cep telefonu hatt\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderir. 19.2 kbps h\u0131z\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. CDPD paketleri konu\u015fmalardaki duraksamalarda g\u00f6nderilir. Bu hizmet Amerika' da 65 \u015fehirde verildi\u011fi halde, T\u00fcrkiye' nin her yerinde vard\u0131r.\n\nCircuit-Switched Cellular - Eski analog telefon \u015febekesinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistemdir. Amerika' da bile CDPD i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak \u00fclkemizde son sistem santrallarla kullan\u0131labilmektedir.\n\nCLEC - \"Competitive Local Exchange Carrier\" - Bir telekom \u015firketi \u00e7e\u015fididir. CLEC' ler kablo, ISP, GSM hizmetleri verirler.\n\nKoaksiyel Kablo - Ortada ayr\u0131 bak\u0131r teller, d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise manyetik alanlara kalkan olabilecek \u015fekilde \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f ve sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bak\u0131r teller olan bir kablo \u015feklidir. Genellikle anten kablosu veya telsiz kablosu olarak sat\u0131l\u0131r. D\u0131\u015ftaki tel genellikle topraklan\u0131r. Her iki tel grubu da ayn\u0131 eksen \u00fczerindedir. Bu nedenle koaksiyel diye an\u0131l\u0131r. 10-Base2 Ethernet kullan\u0131m\u0131nda, kablo TV gibi baz\u0131 RF uygulamalar\u0131nda bu kablo kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kablolar\u0131n karakteristik bir empedans\u0131 vard\u0131r. (genellikle 47 ohm) Kablo \u00fczerinde bu omaj yan\u0131nda RG yazar. Bu \"Radio Guide\" \u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda rakamla belirtilen kablo tipi ve \"\/U\" yazar. RG-6\/U, 75-ohmluk bir anten kablosudur. RG-59\/U ise 75-ohmluk video kablosudur. RG-58 de 50 ohmluk bilgisayar \u015febeke kablosudur.\n\nCompactFlash - Bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00f6n haf\u0131zad\u0131r. I &amp; II PC-Kartlar\u0131ndaki soketlerde adapt\u00f6rle kullan\u0131l\u0131r. kendi \u00fcst\u00fcnde kontrol\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kamera ve PDA cihazlar\u0131nda y\u00fck\u00fc azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nCMS - Cable Management System, Kablo sistemlerini d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan cihazlar\u0131n genel ismidir.\n\nCPE - Customer Premise Equipment - Kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n genel ismidir.DSL servisleri i\u00e7in CPE' lere \"modem\" deriz.\n\nCross-over Cable - \u00c7apraz ba\u011flant\u0131 ile data al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi yaparak Hub kullan\u0131lmadan bilgisayarlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan kabloya denir.\n\nCSMA\/CD - Carrier Sense Multiple Access \/ Collision Detect. Bu data aktar\u0131m tekni\u011fi \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Cihaz data paketini g\u00f6ndermeden evvel, ba\u015fka bir cihaz\u0131n data g\u00f6ndermekte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Hat bo\u015f ise paketi g\u00f6nderir. Me\u015fgul ise bekler. \u0130ki cihaz ayn\u0131 anda ba\u015flarsa, bu \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hisseder ve her iki cihaz da rastgele bir zaman i\u00e7in bekler. Bekleme zaman\u0131 k\u0131sa olan \u00f6nce g\u00f6nderir, di\u011feri ise beklemeye devam eder.\n\nDEMARC - Bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn veya devrenin sorumluluk alan\u0131n\u0131 balirleyen bir s\u0131n\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.\n\nDedicated Line - Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kesinisiz olarak hizmetinde olan hatta verilen isimdir..\n\nDIP switches - \"Dual Inline Package\" switches - Anakart veya di\u011fer kartlarda bulunabilen minik anahtarc\u0131klard\u0131r. On ve off, pozisyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kartlar ayarlan\u0131r.\n\nDownstream\/Upstream - Downstream, kaynaktan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 data ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131; Upstream de kayna\u011fa do\u011fru data ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Internet service provider (ISP) ' den kullan\u0131c\u0131ya olan data ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na Downstream denir.\n\nDRDRAM - \"Direct RAMbus Dynamic Random Access Memory\" - RAM teknolojisinin son halidir. DRDRAM, SDRAM' \u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7de biri kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eker. Saat h\u0131z\u0131 800MHz' e kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve 4 paralel RAM tak\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vererek \u00e7oklu kanal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Data yolu SDRAM' \u0131n iki kat\u0131 geni\u015fliktedir.\n\nDSP - \"Digital Signal Processor\" - Analog sinyalleri dijital sinyallere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren i\u015flemcilere verilen genel add\u0131r. Ses ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, sesin i\u015flenmesinde, modemlerde, i\u015fitme yard\u0131m\u0131nda, sismik alg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131larda ve h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7evirici ve filtreleyicilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nDVD - \"Digital Video (or Verastile) Disc\" - 4.7GB ile 17GB aras\u0131nda multimedya data transferi sa\u011flayabilen CD-ROM-benzeri teknolojinin geli\u015ftirilmi\u015fidir. DVD, CD-ROM' lar\u0131 destekler ve \u00e7o\u011fu DVD s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri \u015fark\u0131 CD' lerini ve CD-ROM' lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. DVD' nin son \u015fekli olan DVD-2 (veya DVDII), CD-R (Recordable) ve CD-RW (Re-Writable) diskleri de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.\n\nEIDE - \"Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics\" - Harddisk kontrol kart\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00fczerinde bulunduran bir \u00e7e\u015fit ATA disk s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc standard\u0131d\u0131r. Eski IDE standard\u0131na ek olarak, 30-40 GB gibi y\u00fcksek kapazitelerde, h\u0131zl\u0131 eri\u015fim zaman\u0131 ve \"burst\" transfer (bir seferde b\u00fcy\u00fck data paketi) sa\u011flar.\n\nEthernet - Yerel ileti\u015fim \u015febekesi -local area network (LAN), 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Xerox taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. En me\u015fhur Ethernet ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 10Base-T (saniyede 10 megabit data transferi) ve 100Base-T (100Mbps) \u00e7o\u011funlukla sar\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7ift kablo ile ba\u011flan\u0131rlar. Koaksiyel ve fiber-optik kablo ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 da yap\u0131labilir.\n\nFirewall - Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel datalar\u0131m\u0131za ula\u015famamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan programlara denir. Bir \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00fcvenlik politikas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir intranet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n internete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda, internettekilerin intranete ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.\n\nFOIRL - Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link Fiber optik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7sel tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131.\n\nFull-Duplex - Ayn\u0131 zamanda her iki istikamette de data transferi olabilen ortamlard\u0131r ve band geni\u015fli\u011finin % 100' \u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r.\n\nHalf-Duplex - Sadece tek istikamette data transferi olabilen ortamlard\u0131r ve band geni\u015fli\u011finin % 50' sini kullan\u0131r.\n\nHub - Genellikle ethernetlerle birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcm bilgisayarlardan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 gelen kablolar\u0131n \u00fczerine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihazd\u0131r. Hub, gelen sinyalleri gereken yerlere tekrar transfer eder. Bir hub 8' lik, 16' l\u0131k veya 32' lik oldu\u011fu gibi, birden fazla hub birbirine ba\u011flanarak \u015febekedeki bilgisayar say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131labilir.Bu durumda hub' lar aras\u0131nda \u00e7apraz ba\u011flant\u0131 kablosu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer 'MDI' portu varsa gerek kalmaz.\n\nHorizontal Cable - Duvardaki prizden telefona veya bilgisayara ba\u011flant\u0131 yap\u0131lan kabloya verilen add\u0131r. Hub veya PBX' i patch panele ba\u011flarken kullan\u0131lan kabloya da bu isim verilir.\n\nHVAC - Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning systems. Is\u0131tma, havaland\u0131rma ve so\u011futma sistemleri.\n\nIDC - Insulation Displacement Connector. RJ konekt\u00f6rlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, monte ederken kabloyu s\u0131y\u0131rarak, ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayan konekt\u00f6rlerin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r.\n\nISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network - Telefon \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan dijital \u015febeke sistemidir. \"ayesdien\" diye okunur. ISDN hatlar\u0131 iki adet 'B' kanal\u0131 ve bir adet 'D' kanal\u0131ndan olu\u015fur:\nB Kanal\u0131 = Bearer Channel, 64kbps. Datalar\u0131 bu kanal ta\u015f\u0131r.\nD Kanal\u0131 = Data Channel, 16kbs. Sinyal bilgisini ta\u015f\u0131yan kanald\u0131r. ISDN \u015febekesinin ba\u011flanmas\u0131na veya ba\u011flanmamas\u0131na karar verir.\n\nKbps - Kilobits per second - Data transfer h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 veya bant geni\u015fli\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir birimdir. Her bit 8 byte etti\u011finden cps - character per second ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 8 kat fazla g\u00f6sterir, ki yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bir saniyede g\u00f6nderilen her 1000 bit demektir.\n\nMAC Address - Media Access Control Address - Genellikle hexadecimal yani 16 tabanl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen, \u015febekeye ba\u011fl\u0131 her bilgisayara ayr\u0131 olarak verilmi\u015f 32 bitlik bir say\u0131 ile ifade edilir. Bu say\u0131 o cihaz\u0131n adresi say\u0131l\u0131r.6 byte uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. \u0130lk \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc imalat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 belirtir. D\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015febeke bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir adresi olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.\n\nMonster-Cable - Normal olmayan kablolar\u0131n fiyatland\u0131r\u0131lma stratejisi.\n\nMbps - Million bits per second - 1000 Kbps kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 data transfer h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 veya bant geni\u015fli\u011fi.\n\nMulti-Mode (MM) - Fiber optik kablolar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle 62.5\/125 olur. Bu rakamlardan 62,5 mikron fiberin \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. 125 mikron br\u00fct \u00e7ap\u0131d\u0131r, yani d\u0131\u015f muhafazas\u0131 ile birlikte kablo \u00e7ap\u0131d\u0131r.. Multi-Mode fiber, LAN uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan tipik bir kablodur. Mesafe olarak 2Km ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130sminden anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u00e7oklu muhaberata izin verir. Bunu da \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik frekanslar\u0131 ile sa\u011flar.\n\nMUX - MUltipleXer .Al\u00e7ak bant geni\u015fli\u011findeki bir\u00e7ok kanal\u0131 toplayarak tek bir y\u00fcksek band geni\u015fli\u011finde birle\u015ftiren bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Devrenin di\u011fer ucunda bunun tersi \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan MUX\/DEMUX \u00e7evirici bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n\nNAT - Network Address Translation - \u00d6zel bir IP adresinde, hayali, dinamik bir ba\u011flant\u0131 temin eder.\n\nNIC - Network Interface Card - Bilgisayarla \u015febeke aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir devre kart\u0131d\u0131r. Ethernet, Arcnet, token ring, vs..\n\nNode - \u015eebekede hub' dan ba\u015fka ne varsa node olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. PC, router, bridge, sniffer, printer vs.\n\nPatch Cable - \u0130ki cihaz\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan k\u0131sa network kablosu.\n\nPatch Panel - Data kablolar\u0131n\u0131n sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihaz. A device where data cables are terminated. Kablolaman\u0131n ileride devam etmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n\nPC-100 main memory bus - 1998' lerin ortalar\u0131nda tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir bus teknolojisidir. 66 MHz bus' lar yerine \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. % 20 daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu h\u0131zla uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in RAM' lerin 100MHz SDRAM (\"Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory\") olmas\u0131 gerekir.\n\nPCI - \"Peripheral Component Interface or Interconnect\" - Pentium i\u015flemcilerin iste\u011fine uygun olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f 64-bit yerel bus soketidir. Maksimum transfer h\u0131z\u0131132 MB\/sec olmu\u015ftur.\n\nPCMCIA card - \"Personal Computer Memory Card International Association\" card - (\"PC Card\" olarak da bilinir.) - Kredi kart\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir kartt\u0131r. Diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlarda, ki\u015fisel dijital cihazlarda veya kablosuz ileti\u015fim cihazlar\u0131nda bulunabilen kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sokete tak\u0131l\u0131lar. Ek haf\u0131za, modem ve network kart\u0131 olabilir. \"Type II\" ve \"Type III\" gibi \u00e7e\u015fitleri vard\u0131r.\n\nPCS - \"Personal Communication Services\" - FCC ve kablosuz end\u00fcstrisinde dijital h\u00fccre teknolojisi terimidir. PCS standard\u0131nda GSM (\"Global System for Mobile Communications\"), CDMA (\"Code-Division Multiple Access\") ve TDMA (\"Time Division Multiple Access\") bulunmaktad\u0131r. PCS telefonlar\u0131 tamamen dijitaldir ve 1900 MHz frekanstad\u0131r. \"pisies\" diye okunur.\n\nPDF - \"Portable Document Format\" - Adobe taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir dosyalama format\u0131d\u0131r. Her platformda okudu\u011fu i\u00e7in hangi programla yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 farketmez. The Adobe Acrobat Reader ( Adobe' nin websitesi) ile okunabilir.\n\nPlenum - HVAC sistemlerinde havan\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne denir. Plenum, kablo kaplama t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fildir. Kablonun havaland\u0131rma alan\u0131nda tutulma \u015feklidir. Baz\u0131 plenum kablolar\u0131 PVC-kapl\u0131d\u0131r.\n\nPOSIX - \"Portable Operating System Interface for uniX\" - Unix sistemlerle bilgisayar uygulamalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki aray\u00fcz standatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na verilen add\u0131r. POSIX uyumlu Unix sistemler kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, Unix, Linux ve hatta Windows NT ve \u00e7e\u015fitleri i\u00e7in daha kolay program yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.\n\nPOTS - Plain Old Telephone Service - Analog telefon sistemlerinde sa\u011flanan hizmetleri ifade eder.\n\nPVC - Genel kablo kaplama malzemesi.\n\nRaised Floor - Bilgisayar odalar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan d\u00f6\u015feme sistemidir. Yer d\u00f6\u015femesinin betondan 25-30 cm y\u00fcksek yap\u0131larak kablolar\u0131n buradan ge\u00e7mesi sa\u011flan\u0131r ve havaland\u0131rma i\u00e7in plenum olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olur.\n\nRCA connector - Yuvarlak, orta ucu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir konekt\u00f6r \u00e7e\u015fididir. Genellikle anfilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Eski stereo m\u00fczik aletlerinin hemen hepsinde vard\u0131r. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olan\u0131, sa\u011f hoperl\u00f6r; siyah veya beyaz olan\u0131, sol hoperl\u00f6r; sar\u0131 olan\u0131 da kompozit ekran i\u00e7indir.\n\nRISC - \"Reduced Instruction Set Computer\" - \u0130lk CISC (\"Complex Instruction Set Computer\") i\u015flemcilerinden geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ip dizayn\u0131d\u0131r. RISC \u00e7ipi, IBM' in '1970' in ba\u015flar\u0131nda, daha az i\u015fletim talimat\u0131 olsun ki h\u0131z\u0131 arts\u0131n ve ucuz olsun diye \u00fcretti\u011fi bir \u00e7iptir. Motorolan\u0131n PowerPC \u00e7ipleri, Macintosh' larda kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131 ve RISC dizayn\u0131yd\u0131. DEC' in Alpha ve Sun' \u0131n SPARC modelleri de RISC \u00e7ipidir.\n\nRJ-11 - Telefonlarda kullan\u0131lan 6 pinli konnekt\u00f6rlerdir. Di\u015fisi kablonun \u00fczerinde, erke\u011fi ise duvarda veya telefonun \u00fczerinde olur. Genellikle 4 pine kablo ba\u011flansa da sadece k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve ye\u015fil olan ortadaki iki tanesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer ikisi ikinci telefon veya telefonun \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer ikisi son zamanlarda, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 telefonla networke ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \"RJ\" Registered Jack tescilli konekt\u00f6r demektir. Takibeden numara ise (RJ-45, RJ-61X, vs.) FCC taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen bir standartt\u0131r.\n\nRJ-45 - RJ-11 (telefon) konekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi fakat 8 pinli daha geni\u015f bir konekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Hem network, hem de telefon i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.\n\nRiser - D\u00f6\u015femenin y\u00fckseltilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ayaklard\u0131r.\n\nRouter - Bir\u00e7ok bilgisayar \u015febekesini adreslerini okuyarak birbirine ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir cihazd\u0131r. Data paketi okunur ve gereken adrese postalan\u0131r. Bridge - K\u00f6pr\u00fclerden daha fonksiyoneldir. Birbirine benzemeyen farkl\u0131 \u015febekeleri kolayca birbirine ba\u011flarlar. LAN' lar\u0131 LAN' lara veya LAN' lar\u0131 WAN' lara ba\u011flayabilirler.\n\nRS-232 - Modem veya seri ba\u011flanan \u00e7evre birimleri ile, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n haberle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kuland\u0131\u011f\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel standart bir giri\u015ftir. Seri denmesinin sebebi her seferinde bir bit g\u00f6ndermesidir. Bir paralel ba\u011flant\u0131da (yaz\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gibi), datalar bir\u00e7ok kablodan bit gruplar\u0131 halinde g\u00f6nderilir. \u015eimdilerde RS-232, yerini USB' ye b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.\n\nSC - Bir \u00e7e\u015fit fiber konekt\u00f6r. Bir \u00e7ift fiberi bir konekt\u00f6r e ba\u011flar. Yanyana iki kareye benzer.\n\nSCSI - \"Small Computer System Interface\" - Yaz\u0131c\u0131, harddisk veya ba\u015fka bir bilgisayara ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 paralel aray\u00fcz birimidir.\n\nSDMI - \"Secure Digital Music Initiative - Kay\u0131t end\u00fcstrisi MP3 korsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcm orjinal CD' lere filigran bas\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. SDMI-uyumlu MP3 \u00e7alarlar (ve di\u011fer m\u00fczik aletleri) ancak bu filigran kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ticari bir nitelik kazanabilirler. Korsan CD' lerde bu filigran olmayacakt\u0131r. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in http:\/\/www.sdmi.org\/ adresini ziyaret ediniz.\n\nSDRAM - \"Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory\" - Geleneksel DRAM' dan daha y\u00fcksek kristal frekans\u0131 - saat h\u0131z\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen bir DRAM t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \"bursting\" teknolojisi ile sonraki haf\u0131za adresini \u00f6nceden bilmesi ile h\u0131zlan\u0131r.\n\nSDSL - \"Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line\" - Tek hat servisi olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r. SDSL, band geni\u015fli\u011fini \"bandwidth\" her iki y\u00f6nde de kullan\u0131r.\n\nShell - Genellikle Unix' in kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcndeki i\u015fletim sistemini tarif eder. Kabuk demektir. \u0130\u015fletim sisteminin en d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hatt\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu isim verilmi\u015ftir. En i\u00e7teki hatta ise kernel denir. \"Shell out\", bir Unix terimidir ve Unixteki bir programdan kabuktaki aray\u00fcz\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015fi ifade eder.\n\nSM - \"Single-Mode\" - Fiber optik kablo \u00e7e\u015fididir. Fiber \u00e7ap\u0131 5-10 mikrondur. SM fiber, \u00e7ok daha uzun mesafelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r, fakat \u00e7ap\u0131n daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeni ile daha kuvvetli \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131na - transmiter - ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r ki bu da lazer olur. SM, Telco da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m gibi bir\u00e7ok WAN uygulamas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ap\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, tekil muharebat sa\u011flar.\n\nSIMM - \"Single Inline Memory Module\" - \u00dczerine tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 devreyle birlikte, RAM haf\u0131za \u00e7iplerine verilen ad. \"Single Inline\" RAM' lerin anakarta temas ettirildi\u011fi yerin tek hat \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek band geni\u015fli\u011fi olan yeni tip haf\u0131za mod\u00fcl\u00fcne DIMM (\"Dual Inline Memory Module\") denir. Yeni sistem bilgisayarlar bunu kullan\u0131r.\n\nSimplex - Datan\u0131n tek y\u00f6nde hareket etti\u011fi medya.\n\nSkins - MP3 \u00e7alarlarda kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu grafik aray\u00fczlerdir.Quake ve baz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar bu t\u00fcr aray\u00fcz tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na izin verirler.\n\nSmartMedia card - (SSFDC \"Solid State Floppy Disk Card\") - Tak\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labilen bir \u00e7e\u015fit Flash RAM haf\u0131za kart\u0131d\u0131r.dijital kameralarda ve di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bilgisayarlarda veya Diamond Rio MP3 player gibi MP3 \u00e7alarlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. SmartMedia kartlar\u0131 3.3 ve 5 volt olarak 2MB ile 16MB veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kapazitelerde \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.\n\nSocket 7 - Orjinal Intel Pentium s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u015flemcilerin tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ana kartlardaki yuvaya verilen isimdir. Pentium II ve III' lerde, Intel i\u015flemcisini plastik bir slota ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Fakat AMD ve Cyrix soket kullanmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.\n\nSOHO - \"Small Office\/Home Office\" - Daha fazla insan\u0131n bilgisayarla ileyi\u015fiminin ve evlerde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak SOHO yani k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ofis\/ev ofisi, bigisayar firmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in hedef kitle haline gelmi\u015ftir.\n\nS\/PDIF - \"Sony\/Philips Digital InterFace\" - \u00c7o\u011fu kay\u0131t st\u00fcdyolar\u0131 ve PC ses kartlar\u0131 i\u00e7in dijital stereo aktar\u0131m \u015fekli olarak yerle\u015fmi\u015f bir formatt\u0131r.\n\nSPAM - Pazarlama, reklam veya sosyal i\u00e7erikli olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen mesajlari\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendisine Internet ya da cep telofonu gibi teknolojiler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yollanmas\u0131d\u0131r. (Internet \u00dcst Kurulu SPAM Bildirgesi).\n\nSpread spectrum - Sinyali ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in, orjinal sinyalden (baseband) belirgin bir \u015fekilde daha geni\u015f band kullanan, bir\u00e7ok RF ayarlama tekni\u011finden her biri. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin avantaj\u0131, parazite kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130ki \u00e7e\u015fit teknik kullan\u0131l\u0131r: Direk yay\u0131lma ve frekans z\u0131plamas\u0131. Frekans z\u0131plamas\u0131 sistemlerinde bant geni\u015fli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmez, al\u0131c\u0131 ve verici belirlenmi\u015f silsilelerle frekanslar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirler.\n\nSRAM - \"Static Random Access Memory\" - Elektri\u011fi kesilinceye kadar \u00fczerindeki bilgiyi muhafaza eden, DRAM gibi tazelemeyen bir RAM \u00e7e\u015fididir.\n\nST - Fiber konekt\u00f6r \u00e7e\u015fidi. Her fiberi ayr\u0131ca sonland\u0131r\u0131r. Minik BNC konekt\u00f6re benzer.\n\nStackable - Birbirine ba\u011flanabilen hub' lara verilen tan\u0131mlamad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece port say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken ilave aktarma yap\u0131lmal\u0131\u015f olur.\n\nSAF - Store-and-forward - Mesajlar\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, daha sonra \u015febeke trafi\u011finin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda yerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileti\u015fim sistemidir. Bu sayede kapal\u0131 bilgisayara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen mesaj kaybolmam\u0131\u015f olur. Bir \u00e7ok e-mail trafi\u011fi bu \u015fekilde sa\u011flan\u0131r.\n\nS-video - \"Super Video\" - Ses ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kompozit ekranlardan daha net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve ses al\u0131nan bir video teknolojisidir. S-video, renk (chrominance) ve parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (luminance) ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. S-Video \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kameralar genellikle hem S-Video output cak\u0131 hem de al\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f RCA-tipi audio\/video ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekler.S-Video avantaj\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmeniz i\u00e7in, TV' nizin S-Video giri\u015fi olmas\u0131 gerekir..\n\nSwitch - B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015febekelerde, talep edilen veriyi par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rarak ve sadece, bilgiyi talep edene g\u00f6ndererek talep etmeyenlerin trafi\u011fini azaltan bir cihazd\u0131r. HUB verileri herkese e\u015fit g\u00f6nderir, talep eden bu bilgiyi al\u0131rken di\u011ferleri de bu bilgiyi almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde me\u015fgul olur.\n\nT-1 - \"Digital Transmission Rate 1\" - saniyede 1,544 megabit veri ta\u015f\u0131yabilen kiral\u0131k telefon hatt\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle \u015febekeleri birbirine, ISP' lere, web sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na ve internetteki di\u011ferlerine ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7indir.\n\nTDMA - \"Time Division Multiple Access\" - Kablosuz ba\u011flant\u0131 teknolojisinde, bant geni\u015fli\u011fini zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131 ile payla\u015fan \"time-division multiplexing\" (TDM) dijital kablosuz sistemdir. TDM, radyo frakanslar\u0131n\u0131 belli zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131na b\u00f6lerek, daha fazla ziyaret\u00e7i i\u00e7in yer a\u00e7ar.TDMA ile, ayn\u0131 anda daha fazla data aktar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Cep telefonlar\u0131 - GSM i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n\nTDR - \"Time Domain Reflectometer\" - \u00dceretilen sinyalin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7erek, kablo uzunlu\u011funu tesbit eden bir cihazd\u0131r.\n\nToken Ring Network - Dijital izlerin birbirine aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile seri ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir yerel bilgisayar a\u011f \u015feklidir. Bu zincirin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmayan bilgisayar, data g\u00f6nderemez. Saniyede 4 megabite kadar data aktar\u0131labilir.\n\nTone Generator and Inductive Amplifier - 2 kHzlik bir ses dalgas\u0131 verilmi\u015f kabloyu takip etmek i\u00e7in, kablodan 2-10 cm uzakl\u0131kta end\u00fcktiv bir al\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sayede kablo test edilirken kesilmez.\n\nTWAIN - \"Technology (veya Toolkit) Without An Interesting Name\" - Scanner - taray\u0131c\u0131, fax, grafik ve yaz\u0131 okuyucu - OCR yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan aray\u00fcz standard\u0131d\u0131r. Anlam\u0131: \"ismi l\u00e2z\u0131m de\u011fil\" veya \" filan teknoloji\" olabilir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc i\u015fleyen yaz\u0131l\u0131ma arac\u0131s\u0131z iletilmesine imkan verir. Bu sayede taray\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7ok basit ve ucuz olmu\u015ftur.\n\nTwin-Ax - Twinaxial cable - Koaksiyel kabloya benzer, fakat ortada tek de\u011fil iki kablo bulunur.\n\nUART - \"Universal Asynchronous Receiver\/Transmitter\" - Seri portlarda kullan\u0131lan seri verileri paralel portlarda kullan\u0131lan hale \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015f bir \u00e7iptir. Bilgisayar\/Modem ili\u015fkisindeki darbo\u011fazd\u0131r. Yeni bilgisayarlar 16-bit buffer' l\u0131 16550 UART \u00e7ipini kullan\u0131rlar. Bu sayede g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 modemlerine ayak uydurabilirler.\n\nUltra ATA - (ATA-4, Ultra DMA, ATA-33, DMA-33) ATA\/EIDE disk kontrol\u00fc standatd\u0131n\u0131n en son sistemidir. EIDE, veya \"Enhance Integrated Electronics Interface\" teknolojisi, harddisk i\u00e7in gereken elektroni\u011fin kendisi \u00fczerine monte edilmesi ile imal edilmi\u015fti. \"ATA\" veya \"Advanced Technology Attachment\" IDE ile e\u015f anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Ultra ATA, ATA-2' nin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 yapar. (saniyede 33.3 megabite kadar). \"DMA\" yani \"Direct Memory Access\" isteyenin harddisk ile direk konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak i\u015flemciye - CPU' ya bo\u015f zaman kazand\u0131r\u0131r.\n\nUltraSCSI - \"Ultra Small Computer System Interface\" - SCSI \u00e7evre birimlerini bilgisayara ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (Harddiskler, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler ve yaz\u0131c\u0131lar gibi...) UltraSCSI' nin yeni versiyonu olan SCSI-2, 8 bit ba\u011flant\u0131larda 20MB, 16 bit ba\u011flant\u0131larda 40MB veri transferine kadar ula\u015fabilmektedir.\n\nUpstream - Son kullan\u0131c\u0131dan ISP' ye ba\u011flant\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc tarif etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle ADSL metodlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\n\nUSB - Universal Serial Bus - Daha \u00e7ok PC' lerin seri ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir standartt\u0131r. 12Mbs h\u0131z\u0131yla ve 127 adet cihaz\u0131 zincirleme ba\u011flant\u0131yla ba\u011flamas\u0131 ile bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck getirmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131dan voltaj al\u0131nabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca cihazlara adapt\u00f6r tak\u0131lmas\u0131 gere\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ka\u00e7 USB aletini ayn\u0131 cihaza ba\u011flamak isterseniz, USB Hub' \u0131 kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. USB' den ba\u011flanan cihazlar, bilgisayar kapat\u0131lmadan tak\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labilirler.\n\nUUCP - \"Unix-to-Unix Copy\" - Unix makinelerde bilginin seri ba\u011flant\u0131larla aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir dizi yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve protokollerin genel ad\u0131. 70 li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda Bell laboratuvarlar\u0131nda, programlar\u0131n, verilerin ve e-mail' lerin standart telefon hatlar\u0131ndan aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in imal edilmi\u015ftir.\n\nV.90 - 56 Kbps analog modemlerde, \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131lan son standartt\u0131r. Rockwell' in K56Flex ve 3COM' un X2 standartlar\u0131, hala kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. V90 standard\u0131; kablo modem, DSL ve di\u011fer y\u00fcksek band geni\u015fli\u011fi kullanan sistemlerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u015fka bir standart icat edilmedi\u011finden, son analog standart olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.\n\nWAP - \"Wireless Access Protocol\" - Kablosuz ileti\u015fim protokol\u00fc. Cep telefonlar\u0131, radyo cihazlar\u0131, kablosuz modemler ve di\u011fer internete ba\u011flant\u0131 yapan cihazlar i\u00e7in teknolojik standart getirmek amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.\n\nWavetable synthesis - Ger\u00e7ek enstrumanlar\u0131n ses \u00f6rneklerinden olu\u015fmu\u015f bir diziyi kullanan ses teknolojisidir. Mesela, bir MIDI dosyas\u0131 belli bir enstruman\u0131n belli bir notas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011finde bilgisayar, ses tablosunda bu notay\u0131 bulur. Ses Tablosu sentezi, FM sentezindan dah iyi netice verir.\n\nWiremap tester - K\u0131sa devre, a\u00e7\u0131k devre, ters ba\u011flant\u0131 veya \u00e7apraz ba\u011flant\u0131 gibi kablo hatalar\u0131n\u0131 tesbit eder. \u00c7ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k dijital aletler olabilece\u011fi gibi basit analog cihazlar da olabilirler.\n\nXGA - \"Extended Graphics Array\" - IBM taraf\u0131ndan 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen, y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc standard\u0131d\u0131r. 640X480 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckte 65,536 rengi, 1,024X768 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckte 256 rengi g\u00f6sterir. XGA-2, daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve daha \u00e7ok rengi verir.\n\nXJACK - Baz\u0131 diz \u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlardaki kart modemlerin telefon ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir konekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Kart modemlerde RJ-11 kal\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz. Yatay bir cakt\u0131r.\n\nXML - \"Extensible Markup Language\" - HTML gibi bir WEB i\u015faret dilinin nisbeten daha yenisidir. Sadece nas\u0131l g\u00f6sterece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekle kalmaz, muhteviyat\u0131n ne id\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de bildirir. Mesela, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn resmini g\u00f6sterirken, alttan fiyat\u0131n\u0131da yazar ve tarama s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en ucuz nerede oldu\u011fu da taranabilir. Ek bilgi sa\u011flamada avantaj sa\u011flar.\n\nYagi antenna - Paralel anten elemanlar\u0131ndan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil bir y\u00f6nlendirici antendir. Gelen sinyalleri al\u0131r ve bir cihaza yans\u0131t\u0131r. (Aktar\u0131m hatt\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 elektriksel bir cihaz).\n\nZIF Socket - \"Zero Insertion Force Socket\" - \u00c7o\u011fu anakartta bulunan i\u015flemcinin tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir soket \u00e7e\u015fididir. \u0130\u015flemciyi takarken kuvvet kullan\u0131larak, i\u011fnelerinin e\u011filmesine meydan vermemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yan taraf\u0131nda bir kol vard\u0131r. Bu kolu kald\u0131rarak, i\u015flemciyi kolayca yerle\u015ftirir, sonra kolu indirerek, hem i\u015flemciyi sabitle\u015ftirmi\u015f, hem de i\u011fnelerin tam temas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olursunuz.","_tr_post_name":"bilgisayarcilarin-sikca-kullandigi-kisaltmalar","_tr_post_excerpt":"","_tr_post_title":"Bilgisayarc\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131saltmalar\/terimler - 1","edit_language":"en"},"categories":[1615],"tags":[66,70,71,77,86,106,124,125,134,142,145,147,154,160,164,179,189,191,196,197,198,208,209,227,246,250,253,259,272,277,280,310,320,335,371,375,386,390,400,414,454,461,487,553,576,582,584,593,658,691,756,786,869,898,903,910,924,928,991,992,999,1000,1001,1002,1003,1030,1041,1042,1061,1065,1070,1101,1102,1104,1105,1108,1109,1115,1116,1120,1135,1138,1139,1140,1141,1176,1189,1191,1206,1212,1218,1221,1223,1224,1232,1238,1239,1276,1286,1303,1304,1322,1324,1346,1347,1350,1369,1370,1377,1378,1391,1407,1447,1449,1519,1565,1566,1567,1575,1591],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borayildiz.com\/blog\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}